Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Accounting Theory Effect on Positive Approach to Accounting Research
The positive approach to accounting research has examined in this research. This research is intended to done to find out the causes and effect on positive approach to accounting research. In the context of accounting this research is done to find out the cause for the cause of face to face interaction is replaced by in-personal behaviors for making various decisions. The ontological and epistemological assumptions to find out the significance of positive accounting research, for this purpose the various empirical studies has been done in order to find out the significance of positive accounting theory (Zmijewsk,2012). The main argument that can be discussed to critic includes the ontology and epistemology of positive research, the theoretical model has discussed, measurement to test the theoretical model, shifting from testing to estimation of hypothesis, there is need of data archives for measuring important concept and finally the extensive replication needed. The author of the study has claimed Positive Accounting Theory for conducting his related research. The paper is emphasizing on the broader view with the intention to develop the casual concept explaining the behavior of human in accounting setting other than the exist example. The examination of this program is based on ontology and epistemology. The rationale of measurable theory testing, while externally practically equivalent to Popper's misrepresentation basis, is substantially weaker. The program which has been used in the research is potentially powerful, the major problems that had identified in the research are the casual construction for the model to be tested, the undue reliance on hypothesis test logic has determined, lack of interest has identified in the parameter of the numerical values, the insufficient amount of replication has recognized, and the decision are based on the qualitative approach for examinationà rather to be tested on the basis of quantitative appro ach. Several of the good empirical studies has considered for the Illustration purpose (Chen, 2013). In accounting a positive approach is currently focused, in order to achieve the scientific objectives. Since the Kuhnââ¬â¢s portrayal of normal sciences has fits into the great positive accounting research. The probabilities are quickly talked about Kuhnian upheaval and crises to accomplish its potential which may be free of positive accounting. The research question has been formed as per according to the stated hypothesis in the given article which are stated as follows: Does there is the world exist which is independent to our imagination? Does the events are completely random or intervention of the world itself? Does the focus of intellectual enquiry is to use the observation which helps to gain the worldââ¬â¢s understanding? Does the normal people are fairly obtaining the reliable information about worldââ¬â¢s event? The author of the study has a keen focused on the events that has been occurred eventually or on interventional basis. The authorââ¬â¢s stated hypothesis and research questions are followed by literature review which is based on the positive accounting theories and its related issues. The critics are done on the main points that has represented by the author of the study which is based on ontology and epistemology of positive research and its falsification and hypothesis testing. The author of the study said that positive accounting theory is a trademark term, it means that as compared to the other particular theories the positive research is found broader. After studying the empirical studies it has found an argumentative point that in differ types of organization the concept of accounting is are the main caused behind the self-interest of many parties that interact with one and other through express and implied contract. This is the factor which is not only encouraged by the organizationââ¬â¢s manger but the decision is also made by the regulator and other expert of academics (Huber, 2014). The author of the study said that these decisions are useful to the organization but rationally it is not linked with positive accounting theory. From the second empirical studied the author of the study is found to be in the support of the discussion, the author of the study has said that about 80% of the rational behavior is correct, but the examination might not be done on the exact basis. Its need to be concerned that without getting assuming the rational behavior how it could be possible for auditors to make judgments. From the empirical study it has been elaborated that the positive accounting theory are not found more border then positive accounting research. The causes which are defined due to the non-rational aspect of psychology of humans qualify positive which is considered as the scientific accounting research (Cato, 2016). According to the author of study it is presented that it is not necessary that all researches are qualified for the circumstances that positive accounting researchà donââ¬â¢t find similar to the scientific accounting research. Some of the open question pursue under interpretive research.à It has been found in the study that human rationality is socially- constructed therefore they cannot observe the world of its own circumstances, the description of other participant is also involve. It has been raised as an argumentative discussion that the program that has been constructing with the aim to fulfill the objectives is because of the accounting futile phenomena. It has been said in the argumentative discussion to the point that how advocated is the interpretive study of the presumptions of positive look (Bhaskar, 2013). The socially built nature of the truth is not an insuperable issue: termite hills and wolf packs are socially developed, yet are passably agreeable to logical review. Interpretive evaluates contend that "people are distinctive," yet that is at present a matter of attestation instead of exact confirmation: we basically don't comprehend what lived encounters and shared implications go into the social development of a wolf pack (Lucas, 2014). According to the author of the study it has been found that the proper criteria of the research are needed to be evaluated. The collection of data should be done by the evolvement of many scientific researches. A researcher needs to be well focused while evaluating whether to choose qualitative technique or quantitative techniques for conducting research. The author if the study stated that the accumulation of data can be suggested by sine other inductively but the author also defined that the induction is not the only possibility that make the theory correct. The author stated that the any kind of induction cannot be able to prove the theory. From the other empirical study it has found that the author is in the support the logic over the acceptance of various theories that evolved over the centuries and the popper is the base of understanding. Working regular researchers, when they consider logic of science by any stretch of the imagination, have a tendency to acknowledge Popper's p ortrayal as genuinely near what they do. Fundamentally, the system might be abridged as takes after: (b) Develop a formal hypothesis, with testable expectations, that is reliable with all present important and solid experimental proof. The expectations require not be quantitative, but rather quantitative expectations are favored where conceivable in light of the fact that they are more powerless to distortion. (c) Test the expectations of the new hypothesis against new perceptions in circumstances where the new and old speculations make diverse expectations. Dismiss whichever hypothesis comes up short the test, once the result is clear (so that observational mistakes, for instance, can't drive the outcome). (d) Repeat steps (b) and (c) until the end of time The author of the study said in the argumentative way that numerous sciences are to a great extent or entirely quantitative, and sciences frequently move toward becoming more quantitative as they develop. Be that as it may, there are numerous respectable subjective sciences, (for example, plant science, geography and zoology); and some effective speculations, (for example, Darwin's hypothesis of development) are simply qualitative.16 It is a typical mix-up in the sociologies to expect that positive and quantitative research are the same, prompting significant perplexity in considering inquire about which is sure however subjective. The author from the other empirical studies supported a point in favors by stated as or, on the other hand all the relapse based reviews, what amount do we truly know concerning how reviewers, themselves, value a review? How do they decide a delicate offer and what recognizes the conduct also, introduction systems of review accomplices or firms with higher achievement rates in winning review tenders? What number of review firms values their reviews utilizing broad/point by point relapse conditions? The author of the study found that the positive accounting theory is useful if the circumstances will focused significantly. It has found that the positive accounting theories are providing a base to demonstrate that target objective of accounting is achieved more efficiently by the implications of correct theory model. It has been analyzed that there is a need to focus on the quantitative approach as well instead of only making their focus strong on the qualitative measurement. The program that has been used in the research is seems potentially powerful.à The positive approach is found useful for the organization in order to archive the target goals of accounting effectively.à The author of the study found that the correct use of model and principle are essential for achieving the stated accounting goals. The limitations while conducting the research includes the limitation of time and cost. The limitation is faced while distributing the questionnaire. The biasness also occurred from the researcherââ¬â¢s side and it is totally unavoidable. The research is done in with the very limited scope because of the limited time frame. The answer of some question is not fully understandable there must be lackness in answering some questions. The margin of error is always associated. The positive way to deal with accounting research has inspected in this exploration. This exploration is planned to done to discover the causes and impact on positive way to deal with accounting research. With regards to accounting this examination is done to discover the reason for the reason for eye to eye connection is swapped by in-individual practices for settling on different choices. The ontological and epistemological suppositions to discover the criticalness of positive accounting research, for this reason the different exact reviews has been done with a specific end goal to discover the hugeness of positive accounting hypothesis (Zmijewsk,2012). The fundamental contention that can be talked about to faultfinder incorporates the metaphysics and epistemology of positive research, the hypothetical model has examined, estimation to test the hypothetical model, moving from testing to estimation of speculation, there is need of information documents for measuring imperative idea lastly the broad replication required. The creator of the review has guaranteed Positive Accounting Theory for directing his related research. The paper is stressing on the more extensive view with the aim to build up the easygoing idea clarifying the conduct of human in accounting setting other than the exist case. The examination of this program depends on philosophy and epistemology. The method of reasoning of quantifiable hypothesis testing, while remotely essentially proportional to Popper's distortion premise, is considerably weaker. The program which has been utilized as a part of the exploration is possibly intense, the real issues that had distinguished in the exploration are the easygoing development for the model to be tried, the undue dependence on speculation test rationale has decided, absence of intrigue has distinguished in the parameter of the numerical qualities, the inadequate measure of replication has perceived, and the choice depend on the subjective approach f or examination rather to be tried on the premise of quantitative approach. A few of the great exact reviews has considered for the Illustration reason (Chen, 2013). In accounting a positive approach is right now engaged, with a specific end goal to accomplish the logical destinations. Since the Kuhn's depiction of ordinary sciences has fits into the considerable positive accounting research. The probabilities are immediately discussed Kuhnian change and emergencies to fulfill its potential which might be free of positive accounting. Zmijewski, Mark E., and Robert L. Hagerman. "An income strategy approach to the positive theory of accounting standard setting/choice."à Journal of accounting and Economicsà 3, no. 2 (1981): 129-149. Chen, W., Hribar, P., & Melessa, S. (2016). Two-stage regression analysis and biased estimates in accounting research: An application of the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell theorem. Ecker, F. (2016). Review of Recent Research on Improving Earnings Forecasts and Evaluating Accounting?based Estimates of the Expected Rate of Return on Equity Capital. Discussion of Easton and Monahan.à Abacus,à 52(1), 59-69. Beattie, V. (2014). Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.à The British Accounting Review,à 46(2), 111-134. Christensen, H. B., Lee, E., Walker, M., & Zeng, C. (2015). Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?.à European Accounting Review,à 24(1), 31-61. Miller, G. S., & Skinner, D. J. (2015). The evolving disclosure landscape: How changes in technology, the media, and capital markets are affecting disclosure.à Journal of Accounting Research,à 53(2), 221-239. Casey, R. J., & Grenier, J. H. (2014). Understanding and contributing to the enigma of corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance in the United States.à Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory,à 34(1), 97-130. Huber, D. (2015). ON THE HEGEMONY OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING RESEARCH: A SURVEY OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH SEEN FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE.à Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research,à 11(1). Christensen, A. L., Cote, J., & Latham, C. K. (2016). Insights regarding the applicability of the defining issues test to advance ethics research with accounting students: A meta-analytic review.à Journal of Business Ethics,à 133(1), 141-163. Bhaskar, R. (2014).à The possibility of naturalism: A philosophical critique of the contemporary human sciences. Routledge. Lucas, S. R. (2014). Beyond the existence proof: ontological conditions, epistemological implications, and in-depth interview research.à Quality & Quantity,à 48(1), 387-408.
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